2021高考试卷(历年全国统一考试高考英语试卷【2021年整理】)

第三部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

F . Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24,1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St.Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.

His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary :“ My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”

This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925,which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection lf short stories All the Sad Young Men.

However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The love of the last Tycoon in 1940. while his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism.

56. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage ?

A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

57. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage?

a. He became addicted to drinking.

b. He studied at St.Paul Academy.

c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.

d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.

e. He failed to reorder his life.

f. He joined the army and met Zelda.

A.f-c-e-a-b-d B. b-e-a-f-c-d C. f-d-e-c-b-a D. b-f-c-d-e-a

58. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald .

A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama.

B. was well educated and well off before he served in the army

C. would have completed more works if his wife hadn’t broken down

D. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital

59. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about .

A. Zelda’s personal life

B. Zelda’s illness and treatment

C. Fitzgerald’s friendship with Graham

D. Fitzgerald’s contributions to the literary world

B

Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the nost influential medium around. Indeed ,fot many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.

Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60% . That is some way behind the U.S. ,where are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will ger a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban(塔利班),which had outlawed TV, I in 5Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster foumd that when TVs reached village s, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health careTV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat,Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.

Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.

60.The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.

A.allowed B.banned C.offered D.refused

61.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.

B.The world’sTV sets will total 150million by 2013.

C.45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.

D.Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.

62.The author intends to .

A.stress the advantages of TV t o people’s lives

B.persuade women to become more independnt

C.encourage people to improve their reading skills

D.introduce the readers some websites such as Google

63.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.TV Will Rule the World B.TV Will Disturb the World

C.TV Will Better the World D.TV Will Remain in World

C

Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ edsire to go green . However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.

Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.

This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more envitonmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies,with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.

Harry Morrison, chief executive(主管)of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clocd is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a mediun-term benefit for the brand.”

Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses bo buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions(排放). Those that have taken early action will hav e a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

The Carbon Trust believ es that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing.“When companies are granted(授予)the standard, they can use a logo(标识)in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,”Mr.Morrison said.

64.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.

B.Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.

C.Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.

D.Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’environmental awareness.

65.The underlined word“inform”in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.

A.affect B.change C.disturb D.reject

66.According to Harry Morrison, businesses .

A.will benefit from cutting carbon emissions

B.should buy carbon allowances for shoppers

C.are required to make up for their carbon emissions

D.have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

67 .We can learn from the passage that businesses will .

A.have a strong desire to reduce costs

B.use the same logo in their marketing

C.gain advantages by taking early action

D.attract more shoppers by storing goods

D

Columbus College , 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive ,Kowloon City

To: All Staff

From: Jakie Mok , Secretary;Sports Development Committee

Date: May 20, 2010

A week ago , “Sports for Life” pregramme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then , our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it . Here is a memo (备忘录) for your reference when you answer the phones.

Sports 1:Basketball.

We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports.Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible . Students will take a prevate bus to and from Kwun Tong Sports Park .To cover the cost of hiring a bus ,each student will have to pay$10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game .

Sports 2:Gym

We will be using St.Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing theis park . Frist , it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second , it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst.Three activities, skipping , jogging , outdoor aerobics (有氧运动),all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.

Sports 3: Hiking

Hiking(远足)will take place at Kowloon Peak.The activitiy will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later . Three teachers will accompany the students , and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers . Each instructor will cost $75/hr.

Sports 4:Swimming

The Kowloon City Aqueatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside . We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour(i.e. 2:45pm to 3:45pm).Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity . The pool will have two lifuguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit.The cost is $10 per visit.

68.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Students selecting basketball had better register early.

B.Students participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.

C.Hiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 hours.

D.Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.

69.It can be inferred from the passage that

A.students taking part in basket ball will walk to the courts.

B.every student can gain admission to one of the four sports

C.hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees

D.students taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water

70.It can be concluded that

A.each sport will take only on hour

B.students will be chaarged for the four sports

C.all the sports will take place at Kowloon Peak

D.teachers will accompany students on each sport

71.The purpose of the memo is to

A.attract students’interest in the programme

B.require the parents to select a sport for their chinld

C.help the staff explain the programme to the parents

D.remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time

E

In the United Statcs, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo.

In the eastem United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowde smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each en served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this cpening if their enemies came near.

Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians.The Choctaw Indians’wigwams, made from mud,cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof.A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.

The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.

The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structhures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass,housing adozen families.

The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass.

Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.

72.Which of the follwing pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians?

73. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____.

A. with openings in the trunk walls B. large enough for several families

C. in a ring shape with bark and mud D.by bending young trees to form the shape

74.All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_____.

A. of the same shape B. covered with grass

C. built with a post in the centre D. built with doorways at each end

75. The passage suggests that ________

A.all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses

B.all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together

C.the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams

D.the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共35分)

全国I卷：今年高考语文作文大意是给一段材料，写关于实现理想的主题。

全国II卷：以“论理想与家国情怀”进行作文。

全国III卷：根据一段给定的材料进行写作，作文题目为《可为与有为》。

我先来说说全国第一二三卷，还是一如既往的那么有红色特征。总的来说都是和理想有关。都可以往家国情怀上面靠，关注小我与大我的关系， 报效祖国，实现人生价值。

基本上这类型作文都比较好写，平时积累一些相关的名言名句，一些名人的爱国事例素材，往新时代方面靠拢，写最新的一些事例，例如袁隆平等。一篇记叙文就很容易出来。

偏题的人应该会挺少的，基本上都能读懂题意，就是看谁写得更好，结构更加的完整，语言优美，用的事例比较先进，更能流露出真情实感。这个拉分应该不是很大，很少有人能写偏题吧。像高考生准备这种类型的作文应该是最多的，基本上考场就很容易能写出一篇，时间也不会太紧张。

作文其实也是很有家国情怀的，不同的人生于不同的时代，经历了不同的事。人生道路不同，目标也不同。有的人生在太平的年代，照样不能成为一个好人，因为投资失败，情感不顺，伤害他人。有的人生活在飘荡的年代，依然心怀大志，为人民服务。

无论是生逢其时，还是不能生逢其时总有伟大的人，能够开天辟地做出伟大的事业。而我们就要用这些案例来叙述，最后表达出自己的理想和期盼。

第二题目是写记叙文，现在大部分考生是练的都是一些议论文，这个文章可以写，平时生活中的点点滴滴小事，最后升华一下，获得了什么道理。我相信大部分考生选这个的会比较少，因为我们平常时练的都是议论文结构，非常的明显，容易去写。

海南卷

海南还是一如既往，全都是漫画，看着好难。

全国卷的作文命题其实从去年开始就显示了非套路化的趋势，更侧重于考察学生的思考能力和思想深度了，高考作文正在奖励爱读书的人。

而对于今年的“谈理想”，看起来虽然俗套，像小学生作文，但对于高三的考生来说也正有话想说，有话可说。

其实人的理想是在慢慢变小的，小时候想改变世界，后来逐渐长大了就缩小到一份稳定的工作，一个小小的爱好，经受现实的磨砺过后，所谓的理想可能只是祈求不被世界改变了。

高三是心里有火眼里有光的年纪，那些肆意的奇思妙想，在他们的人生规划蓝图上勾画出了所谓“理想”的线条，引领着他们去往梦想中的彼岸。

我所看到的一卷作文，他正在尝试走进学生的内心，让学生说出自己想说的话，而不是公式化学生思维。

山东卷

这个在前一阵爆火的《觉醒年代》中也有涉及，「青年是强健的而非体弱的」，《体育之研究》这篇文章是第一次对体育观的阐述。

今年山东卷的切入点是体育，内核是唯物辩证法，选择的片段是关于强者和弱者的辩证关系。

强者不一定永远都是强者，弱者也不一定永远都是弱者，还是强调奋斗和个人的努力。

结合当时的时代背景，破除「东亚病夫」局面，就需要通过「强健精神，野蛮体魄」来强国，国家复兴，民族独立，都需要青年有所作为！

再结合现在，体质健康也很重要，体育锻炼、体育事业发展任重道远，但不要只谈体育，不要忘了咱们这是高考作文，选题都是深思熟虑的，还是要结合实例分析来写一篇有逻辑、有力度的议论文，而不是时事评论。

当然，作文的选题和立意一般会有很多，只要论证充分，没有明显的跑题，言之有物，不要空摆理论，言之有理，一般没啥大问题。但如果想要拿高分的话确实不容易。还要在表达和论述上下功夫。

总结

从各地卷子的题目来看目前主流价值观，还是以宏大叙事，做贡献为主。

可为，是自己能做什么。有为，就是自己做到了什么。基本上是论述通过自己可以做什么，转变为自己做出了什么的一个过程。

正能量写法是，通过自己做到的一些事情，从小事做起，做成大事，产生质变，以小博大，紧张刺激。或者是通过个人的可为，千千万万人通过可为早就集体的有为。

可以看出，主旋律是干活，拼搏，奋斗，然后有所作为。

高情商写法：我学习了知识，然后进入了自己心中理想的工科，制造业的领域，为国家的制造业发展贡献力量，虽然收入不高，但是心里很踏实，看着祖国的未来一天一天变好，变得强大，我的心无比自豪。

低情商写法：我学习了知识，然后去社交平台当博主up主和主播，进行科普，然后变现，赚到了人生的第一桶金，之后开店带货卖课程，完成了阶层跃迁，提高了生活品质，改变了命运，现在是机会遍地的时代，每个人都能通过不同的方式实现梦想。